Nuclear Radiation Simulation

Alpha (α) Properties

• Composition: Helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
• Ionizing Power: Very high
• Penetrating Power: Very low
• Alpha particles are relatively large and carry a positive charge. They have high ionizing power but very low penetrating power.

Shielding Requirements:

• Alpha Particles (α): Stopped by paper, skin, or a few centimeters of air
• Beta Particles (β): Stopped by aluminum foil, glass, or plastic
• Gamma Rays (γ): Stopped by thick lead (several cm) or very thick concrete walls

Ionization Effects:

• Alpha Particles (α): Creates intense ionization over short distances; can cause significant cell damage if ingested or inhaled
• Beta Particles (β): Moderate ionization over medium distances; can penetrate skin and cause tissue damage
• Gamma Rays (γ): Sparse ionization over long distances; can penetrate deeply into body tissue and damage cells throughout